What was the person doing that concerned you, and how does it relate to a possible crime?• Give a full description, including clothing, to distinguish between similar people. ©2019 Jennifer L. Eberhardt (P)2019 Penguin Audio What listeners say about Biased And he wasn’t even charged with a crime. Nearly half of the students said it was to protest taxes on imported goods. Book | Viking, an imprint of Penguin Random House LLC | 2019 Stanford psychology professor Jennifer Eberhardt, a MacArthur Fellow, shows how stereotypes arise and how they work in the background to shape people’s perceptions and actions. She was chosen in 2014 for a MacArthur "genius grant". One of the most common practices schools foster is the strategy of color blindness. However, forcing people that are primed to despise each other into contact has precisely the opposite effect: it merely confirms biases and inevitably leads to serious issues. In other words, even if you’re consciously against racists and racism, you are implicitly biased because (as numerous studies have shown) you were programmed by evolution to love the people that are like you and doubt those that are not. According to police officers, it was for safety reasons. Dubbed one of Foreign Policy’s 100 Leading Global Thinkers, Eberhardt is the author of numerous studies on racial discrimination and implicit bias, but Biased is her first book. “When people focus on not seeing color,” writes Eberhardt, “they may also fail to see discrimination.” To paraphrase Mellody Hobson’s famous TED Talk, the fight against racism shouldn’t be about developing colorblindness—but color braveness. The bias is built into the system. Few can speak more authoritatively to the subject of racial bias than Stanford psychologist Jennifer Eberhardt. Eberhardt has been responsible for major contributions on investigating the consequences of the psychological association between race and crime through methods such as field studies and laboratory studies. Chapter by chapter, we’ll try to sum up Eberhardt’s answers and analyses below. In Biased, with a perspective that is at once scientific, investigative, and informed by personal experience, Jennifer Eberhardt offers us insights into the dilemma and a path forward. Jennifer Eberhardt drew from her 20-plus years of research and teaching as a Stanford University professor for her book Biased. Bias is also more likely to flare up when our decisions are left unmonitored when there are no checks and balances on the spur-of-the-moment choices we make. Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford and a recipient of a 2014 MacArthur "genius" grant. As Michelle Alexander demonstrated in The New Jim Crow, mass incarceration is basically a modern variant of slavery, because it is not mostly an African-American problem—but it is also, almost exclusively, an American problem (with blacks). Even more, that there is “a neural component to the same-race advantage in the face-recognition process.”. Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford and a recipient of a 2014 MacArthur "genius" grant. not instinctual) discussion, and secondly, it helps researchers get to the root cause of it and, thus, suggest ways we can tackle it. 60 percent of the stops officers made in Oakland were of black people, although blacks made up only 28 percent of the Oakland population at the time. More than 2.1 million Americans were behind bars in 2017. Those scientists of the past who found unflattering differences between blacks and other races exhibited “racial bias of the most vicious kind” (p. 134). Among those conditions, speed and ambiguity are two of the strongest triggers of bias. She has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and was named one of Foreign Policy's 100 Leading Global Thinkers.She is co-founder and co-director of SPARQ (Social Psychological Answers to … 12min Team | Posted on November 6, 2019 |. Historically, not only are blacks less likely to be employed than whites; they have worse jobs and earn less money. Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford and a recipient of a 2014 MacArthur "genius" grant. A winner of the MacArthur Fellowship in 2014, Eberhardt is also a co-director of SPARQ (Social Psychological Answers to Real-World Questions) and a member of the National Academy of Sciences ever since 2016. Her research draws up a stunning … And, you know what? And the categorization process applies not just to people; it works on all things. No wonder a federal investigation following the death of Michael Brown – who was fatally shot by a police officer in Ferguson, Missouri – discovered that blacks often suffer due to something they referred to as “unlawful bias”! Do not miss out on this opportunity! Describing the phenomenon as “a kind of distorting lens that’s a product of both the architecture of our brain and the disparities in our society,” Eberhardt explains right away that it can be associated with everything, i.e., we can hold biases based on all sorts of characteristics: skin color, age, weight, ethnic origin, accent, disability, height, gender. Try not to notice color. 3 Big Ideas. by Andrew Packman October 1, 2019 The once radical claim that racism is much more than personal prejudice has … As social psychologist Gordon Allport outlined in his 1954 classic, The Nature of Prejudice , contact has a much greater chance of piercing bias when the interactions meet these conditions: Black students are nearly four times as likely to be suspended from school as their white peers, according to a study conducted by the U.S. Office for Civil Rights involving more than ninety-six thousand K–12 public schools. Dr. Eberhardt’s work offers a touchstone for educators, leaders, lawmakers, and all those who want a society that serves everyone equally.”. African Americans are more likely than any other group to live in segregated neighbourhoods. Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford and a recipient of a 2014 MacArthur "genius" grant. When people focus on not seeing color, they may also fail to see discrimination. Housing, Education, Criminal Justice, Employment etc. Eberhardt shows us how we can be vulnerable to bias but not doomed to live under its grip. Toby Sinclair Book Summaries June 17, 2020 June 17, 2020 7 Minutes. #BLACKFRIDAY 12min - Get your career back on track! In the policing context, this suggests that people stopped by police care as much about how police officers treat them as they do about whether they got a ticket. This inspired Jennifer L. Eberhardt to ask herself a somewhat frightening question: “Because our experiences in the world are reflected in our brains, might our expertise in recognizing faces of our own race—and failing to recognize those of others—display its own neurobiological signature as well?”, To answer this question, Eberhardt joined a team of Stanford scientists who studied something known as the fusiform face area (FFA). Racial bias is a problem that we all have a role to play in solving. She is, quite clearly, not just an African-American with opinions, she has a lot of detailed and scientific knowledge about how bias works. (Payne, Cheng, Govorun, and Steward 2005). Jennifer Lynn Eberhardt (born 1965) is an African-American social psychologist who is currently a professor in the Department of Psychology at Stanford University. The same held true for only 1 out of 15 white people. Just as to an average middle-aged Chinese woman all black teenagers look the same, to an average black teenager, all Chinese middle-aged women are identical as well. The bias is built into the system. And we fill every category we develop with information and imbue it with feelings that guide our actions toward it.”. Demonstrate cognitive depletion, struggling with simple things like word-recognition tasks. These factors are particularly present in the Criminal Justice System. When the study participants were told they’d be talking in small groups about love and relationships, they set the chairs close to one another. Eberhardt works extensively as a consultant to law enforcement and as a psychologist at the forefront of this new field. 3 Big Ideas. Each chapter examines one facet of racism, the authorial camera alternately zooming in on an episode from Kendi’s life that exemplifies it—e.g., as a teen, he wore light-colored contact lenses, wanting “to be Black but…not…to look Black”—and then panning to the history that informs it (the antebellum hierarchy that valued light skin over dark). That cringe-worthy expression "They all look alike" has long been considered the province of being a bigot. Eberhardt works extensively as a consultant to law enforcement and as … In Biased, with a perspective that is at once scientific, investigative, and informed by personal experience, Jennifer Eberhardt offers us insights into the dilemma and a path forward. Racial bias is … Black students are significantly more likely to be disciplined for relatively minor infractions than any other group. Racial bias is a problem that we all have a role to play in solving. That is when out-group bias can surface instinctively. While blacks made up 67 percent of Ferguson’s population, they accounted for 85 percent of vehicle stops and 90 percent of citations. Biased : uncovering the hidden prejudice that shapes what we see, think, and do / Jennifer L. Eberhardt, PhD Eberhardt, Jennifer L. (Jennifer Lynn), author. We’d like to invite you to download our free 12 min app for more amazing summaries and audiobooks. At the same time, many African-American graduates from top-tier schools “whiten” their CVs (by, say, using their initials or different names) so as to not trigger their interviewers’ implicit bias. Analysts estimate that the bail premium charged to black male defendants is 35 percent more than what white defendants pay, Plea Bargaining – Black defendants are more likely than whites, Asians, or Latinos to be offered plea deals that require prison time, particularly for drug-related crimes. On a certain intuitive level, we already know this! And though black drivers were twice as likely to be searched by police, they were 26 percent less likely than whites to be found in possession of contraband. Companies want to check the boxes but not change their culture. This type of racial profiling became a serious problem a few years back and the company contacted Eberhardt to find a solution. Listen Free to Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do audiobook by Jennifer L. Eberhardt with a 30 Day Free Trial! She has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and was named one of Foreign Policy's 100 Leading Global Thinkers.She is co-founder and co-director of SPARQ (Social Psychological Answers to … "Implicit bias is a kind of distorting lens that's a product of both the architecture of our brains and the disparities in our society." Unfortunately, it does: based on the factual data, police officers disproportionately more often both stopped and arrested black residents even in the cases when blacks and whites were stopped for precisely the same violation. 1 likes. And this is the best illustration of implicit bias you can find. According to studies by sociologists Lincoln Quillian and Devah Pager, the more blacks there are in a community, the higher people imagine the crime rate to be—regardless of whether statistics bear that out. Moreover, the bail for an average African-American detainee is, on average, 35% higher than the bail for a white American. Eberhardt shows us how we can be vulnerable to bias but not doomed to live under its grip. Needless to say, “whitened” CVs do get more interviews. And two-thirds of them—meaning, four in ten Americans overall—have failed to identify “Auschwitz” as a Nazi death camp! It’s simple to explain, but not so easy to see or to rectify. The less one has interacted with members of another race, the more they tend to generalize about that race. Grab a book and BOOST your learning routine. Learn more and more, in the speed that the world demands. In Biased, Eberhardt reminds us that racial bias is a human problem—one all people can play a role in solving. At first, the police wondered why did the attacks targeted such a specific group of people, but, soon after, profilers unearthed the reason: the black teenagers knew that Chinese women would have problems differentiating between them and, thus, would be unable to identify them even if caught. But it is actually a function of biology and exposure. “Other-race effect.” people are much better at recognizing faces of their own race than faces of other races, By the time babies are three months old, their brains react more strongly to faces of their own race than to faces of people unlike them. Photo Credit: Global Diaspora News (www.GlobalDiasporaNews.com). On March 3, 1991, Rodney King was violently beaten by LAPD officers during his arrest for fleeing and evading on California State Route 210. Jennifer L. Eberhardt, PhD captures this tension exquisitely in her book, Biased. Black people are stopped by police at disproportionate levels and are more likely to have force used upon them. Even thinking about talking about race can be emotionally demanding. However, there are some things that work to alleviate it: • Open discussions about cases of implicit bias (not talking about it is what has produced right-wing groups)• Adding friction in the decision-making processes: the faster a person should decide about something, the more instinctual their decision (that’s why police officers often shoot African-Americans);• Creating desegregated schools (more contact amounts to more experience and more experience tends to negate bias over time). Because of this, modern American society is still segregated. But is this not, once again, the Euthyphro dilemma at play? This bias impedes our efforts to embrace and understand people who are deemed not like us. This, in turn, resulted in the quite expected reinforcement of the stereotype: more blacks are in prison, meaning more blacks should be in prison. Out-group members, are not processed as deeply or attended to as carefully. 60 Second Summary: Biased – Dr Jennifer Eberhardt. Thus begins a vicious cycle: As black students pull back, their teachers may become more frustrated with them, and as the teachers’ frustration grows, those students become even more inclined to disengage or act out. This is implicit bias, a sort of “distorting lens” engraved in your eyes that, unfortunately, gets distorted even more by the disparities in our society. Bryan Stevenson, the author of Just Mercy, deemed Biased “groundbreaking” shortly after publication and said that it presented “the science of bias with rare insight and accessibility.”. Eberhardt, a professor of social psychology at Stanford University, has penned a book that is difficult to categorize. In Biased, with a perspective that is at once scientific, investigative, and informed by personal experience, Jennifer Eberhardt offers us insights into the dilemma and a path forward. Our ideas about race are shaped by the stereotypes to which we are exposed on a daily basis. Bias is not something we exhibit and act on all the time. And this process includes “a checklist of reminders” that people have to click through before they can post something about someone “suspicious”: • Focus on behavior. From 1995 to 1998 she taught at Yale University in the Departments of Psychology and African and African American Studies. Mental Priming and Fear are some of the primary drivers of bias. This has resulted not merely in the upsurge of prejudice against African-Americans, but also in the highly unexpected increase in anti-Semitic violence: just between 2015 and 2017, it spiked 60%! Even though African-Americans make up only 12% of the US population, they also contribute with staggering 40% to the total number of incarcerated criminals in the country. It’s not only that detention rates for blacks are four times higher than for white as we described above, but it is also that, on average, their bail is 35% higher! And the reason is simple: they don’t see black people the way black people see each other: they see them as natural threats. Namely, just as white police officers don’t trust “male blacks” because they are polluted with this type of skepticism (both organically and culturally), “male blacks” do not trust police officers either, because they feel that they are being discriminated; and so, they discriminate back. She exposes racial bias at all levels of society—in our neighborhoods, schools, workplaces, and criminal justice system. In fact, both research and real-life experience have shown that if officers act in accordance with four tenets—voice, fairness, respect, trustworthiness—residents will be more inclined to think of the police as legitimate authorities and therefore be more likely to comply with the law. The United States has the highest incarceration rate of any industrialized nation in the world. Few can speak more authoritatively to the subject of racial bias than Stanford psychologist Jennifer Eberhardt. Research shows that fear can be a driver of bias. But it is actually a function of biology and exposure. Racial bias is a problem that we all have a role to play in solving. She has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and was named one of Foreign Policy's 100 Leading Global Thinkers.She is co-founder and co-director of SPARQ (Social Psychological Answers to Real-World Questions), a … And although looking black is not a crime, jurors are more likely to deliver a death sentence to black felons who have stereotypically black facial features than to those who do not, at least when their victims are white.Bias can lead to racial disparities in everything from preschool suspensions to corporate leadership. Jennifer Eberhardt drew from her 20-plus years of research and teaching as a Stanford University professor for her book Biased. Even though African-Americans make up only about one-tenth of the overall population in the USA, almost half of the imprisoned men and women are African-Americans! Back in 2000, a now well-known Stanford study revealed something quite remarkable: London cab drivers had enlarged posterior hippocampal regions (the part of the brain that plays a critical role in spatial memory and navigation) in comparison with a control group of people who didn’t drive cabs for a living. And one of the strongest stereotypes in American society associates blacks with criminality.”. Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do - Kindle edition by Eberhardt, Jennifer L.. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. As Jill Leovy pointed out in Ghettoside, in more than one way, in African-American ghettos, it’s not gangs that produce lawlessness, but lawlessness that produces gangs. Each chapter examines one facet of racism, the authorial camera alternately zooming in on an episode from Kendi’s life that exemplifies it—e.g., as a teen, he wore light-colored contact lenses, wanting “to be Black but…not…to look Black”—and then panning to the history that informs it (the antebellum hierarchy that valued light skin over dark). However, when you’re thinking slow, you can rationalize the process. So, the way out isn’t more imprisoned people, but, as paradoxically as it may sound, more law: Decades of research have shown that across a variety of professions people care as much about how they are treated during the course of an interaction as the outcome of that interaction. More likely to mistakenly “shoot” a black person with no gun. JENNIFER EBERHARDT: Yeah, but the issue with police officers is just the power that they have in their decision-making and, you know, the consequences of that bias… Today, the unemployment rate for black teens and young adults is about twice as high as it is for whites. Try not to think about color. The reason is obvious: the more time people of different racial backgrounds spend with each other, the less they are inclined to act on instinct for the simple reason that instinct can now give way to experience. That’s why it’s hard to eliminate it as well. And this is not an isolated incident: it happens so often, in fact, that numerous games have been halted because of this—in France only. It is because the people in our institutions are mostly whites and they are primed to discriminate unconsciously against people who are not like them. So, Nextdoor added some friction and since about two years ago, for the crime and safety tab, you can’t just write—you have to identify some behavior that is actually suspicious. “In truth,” Eberhardt writes, “bias has been biding its time in an implicit world—in a place where we need not acknowledge it to ourselves or to others, even as it touches our soul and drives our behavior.”. J ennifer Eberhardt is a MacArthur “genius grant” winner and psychology professor at Stanford University who studies implicit bias. Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt, a Social Psychologist at Stanford University, suggests that these associations are bidirectional, indicating that various thoughts, emotions, and concepts are often associated to ethnicity and race. As Jennifer L. Eberhardt demonstrates, you don’t have to be racist to be: According to Robin DiAngelo, author of White Fragility, Biased “should be a required reading for everyone.”, And even though that is true (especially if you are an American), to avoid generalizations, we’ll also quote Linda Darling-Hammond, author of The Flat World and Education: How America’s Commitment to Equity will Determine our Future: “Biased is deeply relevant to education and other fields of work, within the U.S. and globally. Like this summary? Jennifer Eberhardt received a B.A. The mere thought of violent crime can lead us to shift our eyes away from a white face and toward a black face. Consider unintended consequences if the description is so vague that an innocent person could be targeted.• Don’t assume criminality based on someone’s race or ethnicity. Research shows that talking about racial issues with people of other races is particularly stressful for whites. It left minority children to fend for themselves in an environment where the harms they endured could not be seen. We place furniture into categories. The following are my favorite notes from Jennifer L. Eberhardt's Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do. Implicit bias, in other words, works inside us (and against those who are not like us) even when we say it doesn’t: that’s why it’s called implicit. Stream and download audiobooks to your computer, tablet and iOS and Android devices. Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford University. In her 2019 book Biased, the MacArthur genius unpacked decades of research, some performed by herself and her colleagues, that helps explain how bias operates powerfully, but sometimes subconsciously, in the brain. And we all suffer from this type of racial blindness, which is the by-product of the same-race advantage in the face-recognition process. Black drivers are twice as likely as white drivers to have been stopped for a high-discretion equipment violation as opposed to a moving violation. Racial profiling is expressly prohibited. The problem, it seems, is the way our human nature evolved. Although blacks make up just 12 percent of the U.S. population, nearly 40 percent of the nation’s prison inmates are black. This is when bias is most likely to occur. It is widely thought to be “both primitive and fundamental to our survival as a species. This is not because someone is consciously discriminating against African-Americans. Stanford University social psychologist Jennifer L. Eberhardt’s enlightening new book, Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do, is a valuable contribution to our understanding of the challenging and painful interactions that surround issues of prejudice and racial bias. In fact, the connection was even more blatant: the longer the drivers had been on the job and the more experience they had, the larger their posterior hippocampus. When they were told the topic was racial profiling, they put the chairs much farther apart. 1. It is conditional, and the battle begins by understanding the conditions under which it is most likely to come alive. The bias is built into the system. One in two white Americans (55% to be exact) believe affirmative action favoring African-Americans discriminates them. Whether you want to admit to yourself or not, you are irrefutably, at least to some extent, a racist—though that’s not the right term. But if it is factual, then why is it a stereotype as well? Those scientists of the past who found unflattering differences between blacks and other races exhibited “racial bias of the most vicious kind” (p. 134). That’s supposed to reflect an enthusiastic embrace of new perspectives and a willingness to hear and accommodate previously marginalized voices. Biased by Jennifer Eberhardt By benmunoz April 30, 2020 The Big Idea: You don’t have to be racist to behave with subconscious racial bias. Even when stats show otherwise, most Americans (even blacks) tend to associate the presence of a majority of blacks in a neighborhood with higher crime rates. When someone seems foreign or unfamiliar or unpredictable, your gut reactions prepare you to be wary. And they should talk about it at school, where, unfortunately, so many things are taken at face value nowadays that, according to a 2017 survey, “only 8 percent of high school seniors could identify slavery as the primary reason the South seceded from the Union. Black lives matter—but they matter less to whites. Forcing people to go against their instincts without an explanation is what has this produced this outcome. December 16, 2020 DoingDewey Uncategorized 11 ★★★★★ Title: Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do Author: Jennifer L. Eberhardt Source: from publisher for review Links: Bookshop (affiliate link) |Goodreads Rating: Summary: This was everything I want from pop … Publisher's Summary Random House presents the audiobook edition of Biased, written and read by Jennifer Eberhardt. Bias negatively impacts Black people in almost all parts of society. She has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and was named one of Foreign Policy's 100 Leading Global Thinkers.She is co-founder and co-director of SPARQ (Social Psychological Answers to Real-World Questions), … 'Biased' Author Says To Start By Acknowledging It March 28, 2019 • In her new book, psychology professor Jennifer Eberhardt explores how unconscious racial bias shapes human behavior — … More power to you, sister. Jennifer L. Eberhardt, PhD captures this tension exquisitely in her book, Biased. White people are likely to be a minority in this country, according to U.S. Census Bureau projections, More than half of white Americans—55 percent—believe there is discrimination against white people in the United States today, according to a 2017 survey by Harvard University’s School of Public Health. Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford and a recipient of a 2014 MacArthur "genius" grant. The stereotypes shadow them. They managed to curb racial profiling by about 75%! At a time of life when critical work habits and life skills are developed, black teens in low-income neighbourhoods—where businesses, restaurants, and retail outlets are sparse—have fewer options and face adult competition for entry-level jobs. Bias negatively impacts Black people in almost all parts of society. https://bookpage.com/interviews/23874-jennifer-l-eberhardt-nonfiction In Biased, with a perspective that is at once scientific, investigative, and informed by personal experience, Jennifer Eberhardt offers us insights into the dilemma and a path forward. Toby Sinclair Book Summaries June 17, 2020 June 17, 2020 7 Minutes. Stanford psychology professor Jennifer Eberhardt, a MacArthur Fellow, shows how stereotypes arise and how they work in the background to shape people’s perceptions and actions. In addition, they don’t talk about it at all. She got her PhD from Harvard. It’s implausible to believe that officers… can be immersed in an environment that repetitively exposes them to the categorical pairing of blacks with crime and not have that affect how they think, feel, or behave. 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